Winter is the perfect time to sow peppers and tomatoes indoors. They are both slow to germinate and slow growing initially. Both peppers and tomatoes grow well under a strong grow light or in a sunny window. Having plants that are already healthy and are ready for transplant once all frost has passed will increase the length of the growing season and increase yield. Here is a good plan to sow and grow peppers and tomatoes.
Sow Seeds 1-2 months before last frost
Sow 2-4 seeds per pot in a well watered seed starting medium (either high quality soil, or peat seed starting pods).
Keep soil moist and warm
Once the seeds are sown it is important to keep the potting medium moist and warm. The warmth and moisture will encourage germination and help the plants have a healthy start. Most peppers like the soil to be around 80-85 degrees and tomatoes like between 70-82. If sowing both, aim for right around 80 degrees.
Keep seedlings well light and watered
Once the seeds have germinated it is important to keep them under strong light (either artificial with a grow lamp or in a window that receives a good amount of natural light), and to keep them well watered. The soil should always be slightly damp, but not wet. The continuous availability of water will encourage strong, rapid growth.
Begin fertilizing after 1 month
After a month most plants will be ready for a feeding. Using a low strength balanced fertilizer (liquid fertilizers work best for seedlings), feed the plant lightly once a week. Make sure to keep an eye on the plants for any sign of stress caused by lack of or abundance of nutrients and adjust the feeding if needed.
Start hardening off plants before transplanting outside
After 1-2 months most plants will be ready to be transplanted out doors. The first step is to start hardening the plants off about 1-2 weeks before the planned transplant date. To harden them off, place them outside in the area that they will be transplanted to in direct sun. The first day, only have them out there for 1-2 hours. Then increase the amount of time the plants are in the sun by 1-2 hours a day until they are outside for the full day. Once all threat of frost has passed, it is time to transplant them!
